3.00 Credits
This course focuses on symbioses central to understanding forest ecosystems including mycorrhizae, lichens, nitrogen fixing bacteria, fungal endophytes, fungal pathogens, wood decomposers, and fungus/insect interactions. It also explores evolutionary origins and conditions required for establishment and maintenance of associations, and processes leading to and repercussions from abandonment of symbiosis. Dual listed with BOT 5395. Prerequisites: LIFE 2022 or LIFE 2023, and LIFE 3400.